. . . . . . . . . "Samuel" . . . . . . . . "Arthur Samuel" . . . . . . . "Checker's Playing Program" . . . "1901" . "Arthur Samuel" . . "Samuel's learning computer checkers (draughts)" . . . . . . . . . . . . "1901-12-05" . "1990" . "Arthur L. Samuel" . . . . . . .