"north Italian model" . "communal" . "free comune" . "Italian city-state" . "city republics" . . "medieval Italian principality" . "Italian cities" . "Italian city-states" . "Italian city state" . . "city-states in northern Italy" . "autocratic city states" . "Italian states" . . . "began to separate" . "Comunes" . "Italian city-states" . "free city-state" . "Italian city republics" . . "Italian mercantile city-states" . "Italy" . "free city" . "city states" . "Italians" . "independent commune" . "city-states of Italy" . . "city-states" . "Italian" . "Italian City States" . "Italian principality" . "city-state" . "commune" . "Venice" . . . "medieval Italian republics" . "northern Italy" . .