. . . . "attacked the Han" . . "Xiongnu against the Han" . . "war" . . "89 Han\u2013Xiongnu War" . "wars against the Xiongnu" . "Xiongnu Civil War" . "campaigns against the nomadic Xiongnu Confederation" . . . "massive campaigns against the Xiongnu confederacy" . "Xianbei-Buyeo conflict" . "Han\u2013Xiongnu War" . "in a centuries-long conflict" . "Northern Xiongnu into submission by military measures" . . . . "an offensive military strategy" . "military victories" . . "defeated the Xiongnu in 121 BC" . . "Han\u2013Xiongnu War" . "campaign against the Xiongnu" . "Wuhuan" . "Han\u2013Nanyue War" . "wars with the Xiongnu" . . "series of intensive military campaigns and operations" . "conquest of the Xiongnu" . "Southern Xiongnu" . "campaigns against the Xiongnu" . . "battles against nomad invaders" . "reconquer the Hetao region from the Xiongnu" . . . "fight the Xiongnu in the 2nd century BC" . "collapse of northern Xiongnu" . "northern campaign against the Xiongnu" . . "Han-Xiongnu Wars" . "Han victory, destruction of Xiongnu steppe hegemony and vassalization of Southern Xiongnu" . . "battles against the Xiongnu" . "XianbeiWusun" . "wars against the Han Empire" . . "decisively defeated" . . . . "devastating defeat by the Han dynasty" . "Xin dynasty" . "Pacification of the Xiongnu" . "wars" . . . . . "was overrun" . "Han dynasty" . "Xiongnu" . . . . "Han campaigns against the Xiongnu" . "War of Northern and Southern Xiongnu" . "pivotal war" . "war against Xiongnu" . . . . . "Major military campaigns" . "Han-Xianbei conflict" . "massive counteroffensives devastated the Xiongnu" . "Qiang" . . . . . . "campaigns against the Xiongnu confederation" . "launched a series of military campaigns" . . "massive military invasions" . . . "Tributary and allied forces:" . "Central Asia, Mongolia" . . "fighting the Xiongnu" . .